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Information middle networks kind the premise for contemporary warehouse-scale and cloud computing. The underlying assure of uniform, arbitrary communication amongst tens of hundreds of servers at 100s of Gb/s of bandwidth with sub-100us latency has reworked computing and storage. The first good thing about this mannequin is straightforward but profound: including an incremental server or storage system to a higher-level service delivers a proportional improve in service capability and functionality. At Google, our Jupiter knowledge middle community know-how helps this type of scale-out functionality for foundational companies for our customers, similar to Search, YouTube, Gmail, and Cloud companies, similar to AI and machine studying, Compute Engine, BigQuery analytics, Spanner databases, and dozens extra.
We now have spent the final eight years deeply integrating optical circuit switching (OCS) and wave division multiplexing (WDM) into Jupiter. Whereas a long time of typical knowledge recommended that doing so was impractical, the mixture of OCS with our Software program Outlined Networking (SDN) structure has enabled new capabilities: assist for incremental community builds with heterogeneous applied sciences; larger efficiency and decrease latency, value, and energy consumption; real-time software precedence and communication patterns; and zero-downtime upgrades. Jupiter does all this whereas lowering move completion by 10%, bettering throughput by 30%, utilizing 40% much less energy, incurring 30% much less value, and delivering 50x much less downtime than the most effective recognized alternate options. You’ll be able to learn extra about how we did this within the paper we offered at SIGCOMM 2022 in the present day, Jupiter Evolving: Remodeling Google’s Datacenter Community by way of Optical Circuit Switches and Software program-Outlined Networking.
Right here is an outline of this venture.
Evolving Jupiter knowledge middle networks
In 2015, we confirmed how our Jupiter knowledge middle networks scaled to greater than 30,000 servers with uniform 40Gb/s per-server connectivity, supporting greater than 1Pb/sec of mixture bandwidth. At present, Jupiter helps greater than 6Pb/sec of datacenter bandwidth. We delivered this never-before-seen stage of efficiency and scale by leveraging three concepts:
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Software program Outlined Networking (SDN) – a logically centralized and hierarchical management airplane to program and handle the hundreds of switching chips within the knowledge middle community.
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Clos topology – a non-blocking multistage switching topology, constructed out of smaller radix swap chips, that may scale to arbitrarily massive networks.
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Service provider swap silicon – cost-effective, commodity general-purpose Ethernet switching parts for a converged storage and knowledge community.
By constructing on these three pillars, Jupiter’s architectural strategy supported a sea change in distributed techniques structure and set the trail for the way trade as an entire builds and manages knowledge middle networks.
Nonetheless, two main challenges for hyperscale knowledge facilities remained. First, knowledge middle networks have to be deployed on the scale of a whole constructing — maybe 40MW or extra of infrastructure. Additional, the servers and storage gadgets deployed into the constructing are at all times evolving, for instance transferring from 40Gb/s to 100Gb/s to 200Gb/s and in the present day 400Gb/s native community interconnects. Due to this fact, the information middle community must evolve dynamically to maintain tempo with the brand new components connecting to it.
Sadly, as proven beneath, Clos topologies require a backbone layer with uniform assist for the quickest gadgets that may connect with it. Deploying a building-scale, Clos-based knowledge middle community meant pre-deploying a really massive backbone layer that ran at a hard and fast pace of the newest era of the day. It is because Clos topologies inherently require all-to-all fanout from aggregation blocks1 to the backbone; including to the backbone incrementally would require rewiring your entire knowledge middle. One approach to assist new gadgets operating at quicker line charges can be to exchange your entire backbone layer to assist the newer pace, however this may be impractical given a whole bunch of particular person racks housing the switches and tens of hundreds of fiber pairs operating throughout the constructing.
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